Pithy Road Stuff

New Map of Upper and Lower Canda by John Cary 1807


For Starters

 

"I have not got much to say about Canada, having not seen much; what I got by going to Canada was a cold..."

Henry David Thoreau - An Excursion to Canada, 1852
(Alright, it's not road stuff but George WWWYA would understand!)

 

Pioneer Roads

 

Excerpt from a letter to the editor of the Niagara Herald September 12, 1801

"I have lately had the misfortune to ride on the roads of this district, particularly through Barton and Saltfleet, and esteem my escape from broken neck, legs and arms more miraculous than that of the survivors of the Devil's Hole. Besides the pains I endured on my own account, I had those of a feeling man towards distressed families in wagons breaking down, falling into deep gullies and bridgeless creeks from whence it seemed impossible to emerge -- the women and children wading through these like Pharoh's hosts, through the (not Red) but muddy sea..."

 

Description from "An Emmigrants Guide to Upper Canada" 1820

"...The roads are few and poor, but they are moderately commensurate with the retarded progress of the province ...The conveyances, where there are any (and such of any description are by no means universal) are generally poor; the surface rough, the bridges wretched, and the attendance at the inns as defective, as must necessarily be the case where there is too great a tone of general equality and familiarity, amidst a scattered, independent, and uncultivated people..."

 

Description of a nine-hour, 25 mile wagon trip to Blandford from "Winter Studies and Summer Rambles" by Mrs. Anna Jameson 1838

"...We often sank into mudholes above the axletree; then over trunks of trees laid across swamps, called here corduroy roads, were my poor bones dislocated. A wheel here and there, or a broken shaft lying by the wayside told of former wrecks and disasters. In some places they had, in desperation, flung huge boughs of oak into the mud abyss, and covered them with clay and sod, the rick green foliage projecting on either side. This sort of illusive contrivance would sometimes give way, and we were nearly precipitated into the midst. By the time we arrived a Blandford, my hands were swelled and blistered by continually grasping with all my strength an iron bar in front of my vehicle to prevent myself from being flung out, and my limbs ached woefully. I never beheld or imagined such roads...."

 

Horse, Wagon and Buggy Days

 

Act to to Regulate Travel on Public Highways in Upper Canada 1855 (18 Vic. C 138)

From time to time from the early 1800s, the government of Upper Canada passed laws relating to travel and behaviour on the roads when deemed necessary. The regulation about racing, swearing and shouting etc. on public highways demonstrates that "road rage" may be a historical, perhaps even a genetic trait among Ontario drivers.

 Rules of the road set out, carriages meeting to drive on the right giving half the road, or if too weighty, driver to stop vehicle and assist others to pass undamaged; Carriages overtaken to turn to the right;
Penalty for drunk drivers, including riders of horses;
Racing, swearing, shouting etc. on highways forbidden;
Fast driving over bridges forbidden with notice on bridge to this effect.
All fines collected to be paid into township, village, town or city treasury to be applied for general purposes.

 

Toll Roads - User Pay 19th Century Style

In the decades after 1829, dozens of toll roads came into existence in Upper Canada, later Canada West, then Ontario. Built by private companies chartered by the government, later joint stock companies, toll roads were seen as the solution to the financing of roads in a province with a scarce population, limited tax base and vast geographical area. However, toll roads, privately and municipally -owned, came to be universally despised. The Port Hope-Cobourg Toll Road was a case in point.The company opened the road to traffic even before it was completed. Persons unknown soon burned down one of the toll gates in retaliation. The satirical broadside below says it all.

 Tenders Wanted

"Tenders will be received until the 20th ins. For the construction of 100 Mud Scows to run between Cobourg and Port Hope on the Macadamized? Road connecting the two places, which is owned by Cobourg Capitalists. The Company feel that the new mode of conveyance is necessary, as the loss of horses, wagons and valuable lives in the fathomless abyss of mud during court week was fearfully alarming. Until the completion of the said Mud Scows the Company will continue to exact toll from those who may be so fortunate as to escape alive through the gates. Though the legality of such exaction may be open to question, they confidently expect that in view of the public spirit of the Company in providing the Scows aforesaid the public will submit to be victimized. Dated at Cobourg this 15th day of March, 1859.

Simon Grumpy
Sec. Road Co."

 

On Sunday Trolleys in Toronto

For:

"Had Moses known anything of street cars he would have ordered them to run on Sundays."

S.P.O. Kane to the ecitor of the World July 26, 1889

Against:

"As a watchman on the walls of Zion I see the danger of Toronto. I see the armies of darkness led on by Diabolus to wrest from us our Sunday. I blow sthe trumpet blast to warn the citizens of their danger."

Rev. W. A. Rodwell, Agnes St. Methodist Church, reported by the World, Jan. 5, 1891

 

Horseless Carriages

 

Prognostication on the automobile age by the editor of the "Horseless Age" in the debut issue in 1895

"In cities and towns the noise and clatter of the streets will be reduced, a priceless boon to the tired nerves of this overwrought generation ... Streets will be cleaner, jams and blockades less likely to occur, and accidents less frequent, for the horse is not so manageable as a mechanical vehicle."

 

Speed Trap Parody - Printed in "The Motor" in 1904

Screened by the wayside Chestnut tree
The Village P. C. Stands.
The "cop" a crafty man is he
With a stop watch in his hands.
He goes each morning to his lair
And hides among the trees,
He hears the sound of motors here
And it sets his mind at ease,
For it seems to tell of captives -- and
Promotion follows these!

 

Advice to Early Automobilists

"To keep warm while travelling in the winter, remove a narrow strip of the floor boards. If the legs then be extended so that the heels are just over this space, a current of hot air, which has passed through the radiator and along the engine, rushes through and fills the skirt of the passenger's overcoat like a balloon. This will keep the legs and in fact the whole body quite warm. However, the detachable board should not be immediately over the flywheel or one may find oil thrown on one's boots."

 

The End of the Beginning of Toll Roads

A. W. "Archie" Campbell was the father of "Good Roads" in Ontario. Establishment of both the Ontario and Canadian Good Roads Associations can be credited directly or indirectly to his imagination and organizing ability. He also oversaw the demise of Ontario's 100-year old toll road network. The grumping about tolls on today's Highway 407 would have a familiar ring for the drivers of the 1850s. To everyone's relief, the last Ontario toll road died quietly in 1926. At the annual meeting of the CGRA in 1923 Campbell forecast the demise of the old toll roads:

 "I am strongly convinced, now that the toll roads have been practically all abolished in Canada and that all the roads of different provinces are free to public travel, providing it conforms to the statutory regulations, that never again will any toll be exacted for any highway traffic. We must expect a certain amount of inter provincial traffic, just as there is now a considerable amount of inter-county and inter-urban traffic. Insofar as inter-provincial traffic may be regarded as foreign, to the same extent and to the same degree inter-urban and inter-county traffic may be so regarded. The King's Highway was never intended to end at provincial boundaries any more than to end in the market centres of a given city. I trust that the good sense of Canadians of today and of tomorrow will ensure free passage over roads of this broad Dominion to any law-abiding citizen, forever."

 

Modern Times

 

From a speech by John D. Millar at the 1940 CGRA Conference ( DHO Deputy Minister 1943 -1954)

..."Fully half of the bridges now in existence on our township roads are a hazard to the motor car, more than half the mileage of the county road system and nearly a quarter of the mileage of the King's Highways are unpaved. In a Province with the widest range of tourist attractions on the continent, we are just beginning to make the vast northland readily accessible to the motor-car owner. It is now realized that a highway can be made a thing of beauty as well as utility and the continued addition of park areas along the King's Highway system will guarantee the public access to lake, river and forest."

 

A Quote from Robert Moses (New York's Power Broker) 1952

"I personally have never felt that the traffic problem, as bad as it is, is insoluble if we can get to a point where we stop quarrelling among ourselves about how to go at it."

 

Highway Engineering Quip circa 1960s - Origin Unknown

"If in doubt pave it."

 

From an Editorial in the Toronto Star, January 14, 1984

"Like it or not, the automobile is here to stay as the main method of moving people in our cities. And coping with the problems created by this bare fact has been one of the major headaches for city councils all over North America."

 

From an Editorial in the St. Catharines Standard, May 8, 2001

"....A new Transport Canada study which recommends making motorists pay tolls in order to ease traffic congestion and cut pollution in urban centres seems like a good idea at first glance, but it contains some serious faults....The idea of a user fee might have merit, if we did not already have one -- the taxes on gasoline. Road tolls would simply be one more tax. In addition, high gasoline taxes which are imposed by the federal and provincial governments have risen 20 per cent after inflation in the past 10 years, but spending on roads has fallen 10 per cent in the same interval...."

 

From "Trans-Canada Roadkill" an article in the National Post, September 30, 2003

"...Twinning the Trans-Canada Highway would promote trade and tourism, reduce wear and tear on millions of vehicles, improve comfort and convenience, and save numerous innocent lives per year. All this for the price of an HRDC scandal or gun registry boondoggle. Let's get paving, before Sheila Copps declares the Trans- Canada a historical monument, or seeds it over for elk pasture."

 


Email John Shragge for historical roads: shragge@pathcom.com

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